Who Built America? Working People and the Nation’s History

• Volume 1
  • Preface
  • Part I: Colonization and Revolution, 1492-1815
    • Chapter 1: A Meeting of Three Worlds: Europe, Africa, and American Colonization, 1492-1680
      • Peoples of the New World
      • The Background to Overseas Expansion: Europe and Africa
      • The Invasion of the Americas Begins: Portugal, Spain, and the Need for Labor
      • Early Colonization Efforts in North America
      • The English Colonial Experience
      • Native Americans: Decline, Resistance, Exchange
      • Conclusion: The Remaking of Three Worlds
    • Chapter 2: Servitude, Slavery, and the Growth of the Southern Colonies, 1620-1760
      • The Development of the Southern Colonies
      • The Making of Southern Slave Societies
      • African American Culture in the South
      • Prosperity, Inequality, and Shifting Ideas in Slave Societies
      • Conclusion: Southern Society at Mid-Eighteenth Century
    • Chapter 3: Family Labor and the Growth of the Northern Colonies, 1640-1760
      • Early New England
      • America and England in the Late Seventeenth Century
      • Rural Societies in the Eighteenth Century
      • Urban America
      • Hierarchy and Equality in Northern Societies
      • Conclusion: Prosperity and Inequality at Mid-Century
    • Chapter 4: Toward Revolution, 1750-1776
      • The Colonial Roots of Rebellion
      • The First British Empire: Triumph and Crisis
      • Imperial Conflict Grows
      • Resistance Becomes Revolution
      • Conclusion: What Sort of American Society?
    • Chapter 5: Revolution, Constitution, and the People, 1776-1815
      • The Course of the War
      • Building a Republic
      • Creating a National Government
      • American Society: Competing Visions
      • Post-Revolutionary America in the World
      • Conclusion: Legacies of Revolution
  • Part II: Free Labor and Slavery, 1790-1850
    • Chapter 6: The Consolidation of Slavery in the South, 1790-1836
      • Cotton and the Expansion of Slavery
      • Southern Enslaved Persons Experiences
      • Southern White Experiences
      • Religion, Resistance, and Rebellion
      • The Planter Class Consolidates Power
      • Conclusion: The Challenges of a Slave Society
    • Chapter 7: Northern Society and the Growth of Wage Labor, 1790-1837
      • The Early Nineteenth Century North
      • A Transformation Begins
      • Wage Labor and Resistance
      • Democracy and Class in Jacksonian Society
      • Conclusion: A Divided Republic
    • Chapter 8: Immigration, Urban Life, and Social Reform in the Free Labor North, 1838-1860
      • The Transformation of the American Labor Force
      • Urban Mayhem and Middle-Class Reform
      • Radical Reform
      • Conclusion: The Free Labor North Faces an Uncertain Future
    • Chapter 9: The Spread of Slavery and the Crisis of Southern Society, 1836-1848
      • The Enslaver’s Precarious Domain
      • New Frontiers and New Challenges for Southern Slavery
      • Extending the Empire for Slavery
      • Conclusion: Western Expansion and the Path to War
  • Part III: War, Reconstruction, and Labor, 1848-1877
    • Chapter 10: The Settlement of the West and the Conflict over Enslaved Labor, 1848-1860
      • The Transformation of the West
      • Uneasy Compromises over Slavery
      • The Labor Question in a Time of Rising Tension
      • Toward a Sectional Showdown
      • Conclusion: The Deepening Rift Becomes a Chasm
    • Chapter 11: The Civil War: America's Second Revolution, 1861-1865
      • The Nation Disintegrates
      • The War for the Union and Against Slavery
      • The Cold Realities of War
      • War Transforms the North
      • War Transforms the South
      • Military Victory Assured
      • Conclusion: Revolutionary Consequences and Daunting Questions
    • Chapter 12: Reconstructing the Nation, 1865-1877
      • The Beginnings of Reconstruction
      • African Americans Build New Lives After Emancipation
      • The Drama of Reconstruction Unfolds
      • The End of Reconstruction
      • Conclusion: Still Searching for Freedom
    • Chapter 13: New Frontiers: Westward Expansion and Industrial Growth, 1865-1877
      • Change and Violence on the Frontier
      • Industrialization and the Working Class
      • An American Labor Movement Emerges
      • Conclusion: The Lessons of 1877
• Volume 2
  • Part I: Monopoly and Upheaval, 1877-1914
    • Chapter 1: Progress and Poverty: Industrial Capitalism in the Gilded Age, 1877-1893
      • The Industrialization of America
      • Power and Profit
      • The South and West Industrialize
      • Conclusion: Capitalism and the Meaning of Democracy
    • Chapter 2: Community and Conflict: Working People Respond to Industrial Capitalism, 1877-1893
      • Working People and Their Communities
      • The Workingman’s Hour
      • Labor Politics and Conflict
      • Conclusion: Labor, Capital, and the State
    • Chapter 3: From Depression to Expansion: Industrial Capitalism Triumphs at Home and Abroad, 1893-1900
      • Hard Times and Hard Struggles
      • The Populist Moment
      • Racism Institutionalized and Challenged
      • Territorial and Economic Expansion
      • Conclusion: End of a Century, End of an Era
    • Chapter 4: Change and Continuity in Daily Life, 1900-1914
      • The Workplace Transformed
      • Inequality in Everyday Life
      • Toward a Consumer Culture
      • Conclusion: A New Era Dawns, Old Inequalities Persist
    • Chapter 5: Radicals and Reformers in the Progressive Era, 1900-1914
      • Andru Karnegi and Mr. Rucevelt: Simplified Spelling and the Contours of Progressivism
      • Women Progressives
      • Radical Challenges to the Status Quo
      • Progressivism and Politics
      • Conclusion: Toward the Modern State
  • Part II: War, Depression, and Industrial Unionism, 1914-1946
    • Chapter 6: Wars for Democracy, 1914-1920
      • World War I Comes to Europe
      • The War in America
      • The Expanding Wartime Economy
      • Militancy, Repression, and Nativism
      • Winning the War and Losing the Peace
      • Conclusion: Toward a Postwar Society
    • Chapter 7: A New Era, 1920-1929
      • Business Conservatism at Home and Abroad
      • The New Economy
      • The Expansion of American Consumer Culture
      • The Culture Wars of the 1920s
      • Conclusion: Hoover and the Crash
    • Chapter 8: The Great Depression and the First New Deal, 1929-1935
      • The Onset of the Great Depression
      • Hard Times
      • President Hoover’s Response to the Crisis
      • The Promise of a New Deal
      • The Revival of Organized Labor
      • The Counteroffensives Against the New Deal
      • Conclusion: Collapse of the First New Deal
    • Chapter 9: Labor Democratizes America, 1935-1939
      • The Second New Deal
      • The Challenge of Industrial Unionism
      • The Culture of New Deal America
      • Backlash Against Labor and the New Deal
      • Conclusion: What the New Deal Accomplished
    • Chapter 10: A Nation Transformed: The United States in World War II, 1939-1946
      • The Origins of the Second World War
      • Fighting the War
      • Mobilizing the Home Front
      • Economic Citizenship for All?
      • The End of the War
      • Conclusion: A New Order at Home and Abroad
  • Part III: Cold War America – And After, 1946-1989
    • Chapter 11: The Cold War Boom, 1946-1960
      • The Cold War in a Global Context
      • The New Deal Under Attack
      • The Affluent Society and Its Discontents
      • Conclusion: New Challenges for the Postwar Order
    • Chapter 12: The Rights Conscious 1960s, 1960-1973
      • The Civil Rights Movement
      • The Liberal Hour
      • The Vietnam Experience
      • Extending and Ending the Long Sixties
      • Conclusion: An Increasing Rights Consciousness
    • Chapter 13: Economic Adversity Transforms the Nation, 1973-1989
      • The Shifting World Economy
      • The Nation Moves to the Right
      • The Reagan Revolution and Economic Disparity
      • Struggling Against the Conservative Tide
      • Conclusion: The Reagan Legacy
  • Part IV: A Fragmented Nation, 1989-2021
    • Chapter 14: The American People in an Age of Global Capitalism, 1989-2001
      • A New Geopolitical Order
      • A New Economic Order
      • The Rise and Fall of Clintonian Liberalism
      • Polarization and Stalemate
      • Conclusion: America’s Political Rift
    • Chapter 15: America's World After 9/11, 2001-2007
      • The Shock of 9/11
      • The War on Terror
      • New Business and Conservative Agendas
      • The Unraveling of the Bush Regime
      • Conclusion: Growing Economic, Political, and Social Polarization
    • Chapter 16: Hope, Change, and Fear, 2007-2016
      • Prologue: Growing Inequality and the Rise of the Right Reshape the United States
      • Global Imbalance and Political Polarity in the Obama Years
      • A New Digital Norm: Economics, Politics, and Culture in the Social Media Age
      • Popular Uprisings: Battles for Survival, Equality and Justice
      • Conclusion: The 2016 Election
    • Chapter 17: Coda: "To Continue the Work of Our Foreparents"
      • The View from Florida
      • Why Did Trump Win?
      • A Return to Grassroots Organizing
      • Community Organizing Connects with Electoral Politics
      • A Global Movement Rises in the Midst of a Global Pandemic
      • Black Lives Matter Inspires Labor Activism
      • The 2020 Presidential Election
      • Labor’s Resurgence
      • Conclusion